[{"target_id":2,"outcome":"Children are born healthy and strong","summary":"By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander babies with a healthy birthweight to 91%.","policies":"National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2021–2031; First 2000 Days / early-years initiatives (jurisdiction-dependent); antenatal and maternal health programs; Healthy Mums, Healthy Bubs and ACCHO-led maternal-child health services where available.","partners":"NACCHO/ACCHOs; midwives and maternity services; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workers; families, Elders; state/territory health departments; AIHW.","undrip":"Arts. 21(1), 22(2), 23, 24, 7(1)","principles":"Health and wellbeing; rights of children and families; gender equity; culturally safe care; participation.","rationale":"Strong alignment where maternal care is culturally safe, family-led and addresses nutrition, housing, racism and access to services.","evidence":"Healthy birthweight; antenatal care access; smoking and nutrition supports; continuity of culturally safe maternity care.","econ_lens":"Indirect"},{"target_id":4,"outcome":"Children thrive in their early years","summary":"By 2031, increase the proportion of children developmentally on track in all five AEDC domains to 55%.","policies":"National Early Years Strategy 2024–2034; National Agreement on Closing the Gap; AEDC; state/territory early childhood development plans; child and family health, parenting and early intervention programs.","partners":"SNAICC; ACCHOs; early childhood services; schools; AEDC partners; families, Elders and community-controlled organisations.","undrip":"Arts. 7(1), 14, 21(1), 22(2), 23, 24","principles":"Child wellbeing; family and community; cultural continuity; equality; early intervention.","rationale":"Strong alignment if developmental support is strengths-based, culturally responsive and does not pathologise cultural difference.","evidence":"AEDC domains; developmental supports; participation in early-years services; family experience; access to allied health.","econ_lens":"Indirect"},{"target_id":7,"outcome":"Youth are engaged in employment or education","summary":"By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth aged 15–24 in employment, education or training to 67%.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; Workforce Australia and Indigenous employment services; National Skills Agreement; state/territory youth strategies; Indigenous Youth Employment initiatives; school-to-work and community-led pathways.","partners":"First Nations employment service providers; employers and industry; RTOs/TAFEs; schools; local councils; youth organisations; community-controlled organisations and young people.","undrip":"Arts. 17(2), 21(1), 23, 24","principles":"Youth participation; decent work; equality; self-determination; community development.","rationale":"Strong alignment when young people co-design pathways and services address transport, caring, discrimination and place-based barriers.","evidence":"Employment/education/training participation; completion; job quality; youth voice; transitions and retention.","econ_lens":"Enabling"},{"target_id":11,"outcome":"Young people are not overrepresented in the criminal justice system","summary":"By 2031, reduce the rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people aged 10–17 in detention by at least 30%.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; Justice Policy Partnership; youth justice strategies and minimum-age reforms (jurisdiction-dependent); youth diversion, bail support, restorative justice and community-led prevention programs.","partners":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services; youth justice services; community-controlled youth organisations; families and Elders; schools; child advocates; justice departments.","undrip":"Arts. 7, 14, 17, 18, 22(2), 30, 40","principles":"Children’s rights; liberty; education; cultural identity; participation; restorative and culturally appropriate justice.","rationale":"Strong alignment where detention is a last resort and culturally safe diversion, family support and community-led alternatives are available.","evidence":"Youth detention; remand; diversion; school engagement; culturally safe bail support; repeat contact with justice system.","econ_lens":"Indirect"},{"target_id":12,"outcome":"Children are not overrepresented in the child protection system","summary":"By 2031, reduce the rate of over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out-of-home care by 45%.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2021–2031; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle; state/territory child protection reforms; family preservation and reunification programs.","partners":"SNAICC; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community-controlled child and family services; families and Elders; child protection departments; family violence and housing services; courts and independent advocates.","undrip":"Arts. 7, 8(2), 14, 18, 21, 22(2), 23","principles":"Family integrity; children’s rights; cultural continuity; self-determination; participation; protection against forced assimilation.","rationale":"Strong alignment where prevention and family support are prioritised and the Child Placement Principle is implemented in full, including participation and connection to culture.","evidence":"Entries into care; reunification; placement with kin; cultural connection; family support access; implementation of placement principle.","econ_lens":"Indirect"},{"target_id":14,"outcome":"People enjoy high levels of social and emotional wellbeing","summary":"Significant and sustained reduction in suicide of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people towards zero.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Suicide Prevention Strategy / related national suicide prevention frameworks; Gayaa Dhuwi (Proud Spirit) Declaration; community-led social and emotional wellbeing plans; jurisdictional suicide prevention strategies.","partners":"Gayaa Dhuwi (Proud Spirit) Australia; ACCHOs; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and social and emotional wellbeing services; Elders; families; youth and LGBTQ+ community-led services.","undrip":"Arts. 7, 21(1), 23, 24, 25, 31","principles":"Life and wellbeing; culture and identity; self-determination; collective healing; community authority; intergenerational wellbeing.","rationale":"Strong alignment when prevention is community-led and recognises culture, connection to Country, family, spirituality and structural determinants.","evidence":"Suicide and self-harm indicators; access to culturally safe care; workforce; protective factors; community-led prevention reach.","econ_lens":"Indirect"},{"target_id":10,"outcome":"Adults are not overrepresented in the criminal justice system","summary":"By 2031, reduce the rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults held in incarceration by at least 15%.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; Justice Policy Partnership; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services; justice reinvestment; state/territory justice and bail reforms; Closing the Gap justice sector strengthening plans.","partners":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services; NATSILS; community-controlled diversion providers; courts, police, corrections; Justice Policy Partnership; lived-experience advocates.","undrip":"Arts. 2, 5, 7, 9, 18, 34, 40","principles":"Equality and non-discrimination; liberty and security; participation in justice systems; customary institutions and laws; access to justice.","rationale":"Strong alignment where justice reform is co-designed, diversion is resourced and Indigenous legal and cultural authority is respected.","evidence":"Imprisonment rates; remand; diversion; legal representation; deaths in custody; community-led justice outcomes.","econ_lens":"Indirect"},{"target_id":1,"outcome":"Everyone enjoys long and healthy lives","summary":"Close the Gap in life expectancy within a generation, by 2031.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2021–2031; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework; state/territory Aboriginal health plans; Medicare and primary-care reforms.","partners":"NACCHO and Affiliates; ACCHOs; AIHW; state/territory health departments; local health services; Elders and community health leaders.","undrip":"Arts. 21(1), 23, 24, 29(3), 31(1)","principles":"Health and wellbeing; equality and non-discrimination; self-determination; participation; culture and community-controlled services.","rationale":"Strong alignment: culturally safe, accessible, community-controlled health services and Indigenous participation in health priorities support the outcome.","evidence":"Health access and quality; preventable disease; culturally safe care; life expectancy; community-controlled service coverage.","econ_lens":"Indirect"},{"target_id":3,"outcome":"Children are engaged in high-quality, culturally appropriate early childhood education","summary":"By 2025, increase enrolment in Year Before Fulltime Schooling early childhood education to 95%.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; National Early Years Strategy 2024–2034; Preschool Reform Agreement; state/territory early childhood education and care strategies; Aboriginal Community-Controlled early years services.","partners":"SNAICC – National Voice for our Children; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander early-years providers; ACECQA; education departments; families and community Elders.","undrip":"Arts. 14(1)–(3), 15(1), 21(1), 22(2), 23","principles":"Culture and language; children’s rights; equality; self-determination; culturally appropriate education.","rationale":"Strong alignment when early learning includes language, culture, community authority and family choice.","evidence":"Participation/enrolment; attendance; access in remote areas; cultural safety; workforce and service availability.","econ_lens":"Enabling"},{"target_id":16,"outcome":"Cultures and languages are strong, supported and flourishing","summary":"By 2031, sustained increase in the number and strength of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages being spoken.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; Indigenous Languages and Arts program; National Indigenous Languages Report; state/territory language policies; local language centres and language nests; First Nations cultural heritage frameworks.","partners":"First Languages Australia; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language centres; Traditional Owners and Elders; AIATSIS; schools; arts and cultural organisations; state/territory language bodies.","undrip":"Arts. 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 31","principles":"Language and culture; cultural heritage; intergenerational transmission; education; self-determination; intellectual and cultural property.","rationale":"Direct alignment where communities control language priorities, recording, access, teaching and protection of cultural intellectual property.","evidence":"Languages spoken and transmitted; number of active languages; language programs; community control; teacher and speaker workforce.","econ_lens":"Direct"},{"target_id":17,"outcome":"People have access to information and services enabling informed decision-making","summary":"By 2026, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have equal levels of digital inclusion.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; First Nations Digital Inclusion Roadmap / relevant digital inclusion initiatives; National Broadband Network and connectivity programs; digital skills and device-access initiatives; jurisdictional digital strategies.","partners":"First Nations Media Australia; Indigenous community broadcasters; regional and remote telecommunications providers; libraries; schools; local councils; community-controlled organisations; digital inclusion researchers.","undrip":"Arts. 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 31","principles":"Access to information; participation and consent; communication; self-determination; knowledge and cultural intellectual property.","rationale":"Strong alignment where connectivity, affordability, devices, skills, accessible content and community-controlled media are addressed together.","evidence":"Digital inclusion index; connectivity and affordability; device access; digital skills; accessibility; trusted local information.","econ_lens":"Enabling"},{"target_id":18,"outcome":"People experience less racism and discrimination","summary":"Target: a sustained reduction in racism and discrimination experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (refer to current official target wording and indicator).","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap and Priority Reform Three; Commonwealth Priority Reforms Roadmap; Australian Human Rights Commission anti-racism work; National Anti-Racism Framework (as applicable); state/territory anti-discrimination laws and strategies; public-sector cultural safety and anti-racism plans.","partners":"Australian Human Rights Commission; state/territory human rights and anti-discrimination bodies; First Nations peak bodies; public services; employers; education and health institutions; community-controlled organisations.","undrip":"Arts. 2, 8, 15(2), 17(3), 22(2), 24(1), 44","principles":"Equality and non-discrimination; protection from assimilation and prejudice; cultural safety; institutional accountability; human rights.","rationale":"Direct alignment: requires systemic action, accountability, safe reporting and measurable reductions in racism across institutions and services.","evidence":"Reported racism; discrimination complaints; institutional responses; cultural safety; workforce and service-user experience.","econ_lens":"Enabling"},{"target_id":13,"outcome":"Families and households are safe","summary":"By 2031, reduce family violence and abuse against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and children by at least 50%, as progress towards zero.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022–2032; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Action Plan; family, domestic and sexual violence sector strengthening; state/territory prevention and response strategies.","partners":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community-controlled family violence services; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women’s legal services; 1800RESPECT and local services; health and housing providers; survivor advocates; governments.","undrip":"Arts. 7, 21, 22(2), 23, 44","principles":"Safety and security; women’s and children’s rights; equality; community-led services; freedom from violence and discrimination.","rationale":"Strong alignment when responses are survivor-centred, culturally safe, trauma-informed and led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and communities.","evidence":"Violence prevalence; access to safe housing; service availability; culturally safe responses; prevention and perpetrator accountability.","econ_lens":"Indirect"},{"target_id":19,"outcome":"People have access to community infrastructure","summary":"Target: improve access to community infrastructure that supports Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities (confirm current official target wording and indicator).","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; Commonwealth Closing the Gap 2026 Implementation Plan; remote community infrastructure programs; National Partnership and jurisdictional infrastructure plans; local place-based partnerships; housing, water, energy, transport and telecommunications programs.","partners":"Community councils and local government; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community-controlled organisations; infrastructure and utilities providers; Traditional Owners; state/territory and Commonwealth agencies; regional development bodies.","undrip":"Arts. 21(1), 23, 25, 26, 29, 32","principles":"Adequate living conditions; community development; land and resource rights; self-determination; participation in infrastructure decisions.","rationale":"Strong alignment when infrastructure priorities, design, ownership and maintenance are determined with communities and support long-term service access.","evidence":"Access to essential infrastructure; reliability and condition; community-prioritised projects; maintenance; local employment and governance.","econ_lens":"Enabling"},{"target_id":8,"outcome":"Strong economic participation and development of people and communities","summary":"By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 25–64 who are employed to 62%.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; Indigenous Procurement Policy; Indigenous Business Australia programs; Indigenous Skills and Employment Program (and successor arrangements); National Employment Services; state/territory economic development and procurement strategies.","partners":"Indigenous Business Australia; Supply Nation; First Nations business chambers; employers; unions; local government; Indigenous-owned businesses; community-controlled organisations; Jobs and Skills Australia.","undrip":"Arts. 3, 20(1), 21(1), 23, 32(1)","principles":"Self-determination; economic development; fair work; participation; control over development priorities.","rationale":"Strong alignment where First Nations businesses and workers have access to procurement, capital, skills, secure work and decision-making.","evidence":"Employment rate; job security and pay; procurement spend; business ownership; regional and gender disaggregation.","econ_lens":"Direct"},{"target_id":15,"outcome":"People maintain a distinctive cultural, spiritual, physical and economic relationship with land and waters","summary":"15a: by 2030, 15% increase in landmass subject to legal rights/interests. 15b: by 2030, 15% increase in sea areas subject to legal rights/interests.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; Native Title Act 1993; Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976; Indigenous Protected Areas; Indigenous Rangers Program; Sea Country and Caring for Country initiatives; state/territory land rights and joint-management agreements.","partners":"Traditional Owners and Prescribed Bodies Corporate; Native Title Representative Bodies/Service Providers; Indigenous Land and Sea Corporation; Indigenous rangers; Land Councils; environment agencies; local communities.","undrip":"Arts. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32","principles":"Land, territories and resources; free, prior and informed consent; cultural and spiritual relationships; environmental stewardship; redress.","rationale":"Direct alignment: legal recognition, access, management authority and consent processes are central to the target.","evidence":"Land and sea area under rights/interests; native title determinations; Indigenous Protected Areas; ranger jobs; decision-making authority.","econ_lens":"Direct"},{"target_id":5,"outcome":"Students achieve their full learning potential","summary":"By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 20–24 attaining Year 12 or equivalent to 96%.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; Alice Springs (Mparntwe) Education Declaration; National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Strategy; state/territory education strategies; Indigenous Education Consultative Bodies and school-based attendance/retention initiatives.","partners":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education consultative bodies; schools and school systems; AECG/Indigenous education bodies; families, students, Elders; education departments.","undrip":"Arts. 14(1)–(3), 15(1), 17(2), 21(1), 22(2)","principles":"Education rights; culture and language; equality; participation; culturally safe learning.","rationale":"Strong alignment when schools embed First Nations knowledge, address racism and work with families and community-controlled partners.","evidence":"Year 12 attainment; attendance and retention; literacy/numeracy; school climate and cultural safety; pathways and transitions.","econ_lens":"Enabling"},{"target_id":6,"outcome":"Students reach their full potential through further education pathways","summary":"By 2031, increase the proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 25–34 with a tertiary qualification (Certificate III+) to 70%.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; National Skills Agreement; National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Strategy; Indigenous Student Success Program; TAFE and university Indigenous education strategies; VET and skills policy partnerships.","partners":"TAFE and universities; Indigenous Student Support Centres; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander VET providers; Jobs and Skills Australia; education departments; students and community organisations.","undrip":"Arts. 14, 15, 17(2), 21(1), 23","principles":"Education and lifelong learning; self-determination; equality; cultural inclusion; economic participation.","rationale":"Strong alignment where training is accessible, culturally safe, relevant to community priorities and linked to employment.","evidence":"Certificate III+ completion; retention; transition to further study/work; remote access; culturally safe student support.","econ_lens":"Enabling"},{"target_id":9,"outcome":"People can secure appropriate, affordable housing aligned with their priorities and needs","summary":"9a: by 2031, 88% live in appropriately sized housing. 9b: all households receive essential services meeting relevant standards.","policies":"National Agreement on Closing the Gap; National Housing and Homelessness Plan; National Housing Accord; remote housing agreements and jurisdictional housing strategies; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community housing programs; essential services infrastructure plans.","partners":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community housing providers; state/territory housing departments; local government; Indigenous Land and Sea Corporation where relevant; community councils; utilities and infrastructure providers.","undrip":"Arts. 21(1), 23, 25, 26, 29(1), 32","principles":"Adequate living conditions; land and resources; health; self-determination; culturally appropriate housing.","rationale":"Strong alignment where housing solutions are community-led, culturally appropriate and linked to water, energy, sanitation and maintenance.","evidence":"Overcrowding; housing condition; affordability; water/sanitation/electricity; local control and maintenance response.","econ_lens":"Enabling"}]